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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nznistu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Науки о Земле и недропользование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Earth sciences and subsoil use</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-9993</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7931</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Irkutsk National Research Technical University"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2686-9993-2020-43-3-307-324</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nznistu-111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Геология, поиски и разведка месторождений полезных ископаемых</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Geology, Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Deposits</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обсуждение кайнозойской тектонической эволюции и динамики Южного Тибета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discussion on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution and dynamics of southern Tibet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лю</surname><given-names>Дэминь</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Demin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор, доцент, Школа наук о Земле</p><p>430074, г. Ухань, ул. Лумо Руод, 388, Китай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor’s Degree, Associate Professor, School of Earth Sciences</p><p>388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5guc@163.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ян</surname><given-names>Вэйжань</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Weiran</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр, профессор, Школа наук о Земле и природных ресурсов</p><p>100083, г. Пекин, ул. Сюеюань Роуд, 29, Китай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor’s Degree, Professor, School of Earth Sciences and Resources</p><p>29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">weiranyang@126.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Го</surname><given-names>Теин</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Tieying</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр, профессор, Школа наук о Земле и природных ресурсов</p><p>100083, г. Пекин, ул. Сюеюань Роуд, 29, Китай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor’s Degree, Professor, School of Earth Sciences and Resources</p><p>29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3120687728@qq.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жу</surname><given-names>Цзянтао</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ru</surname><given-names>Jiangtao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Школа наук о Земле</p><p>430074, г. Ухань, ул. Лумо Роуд, 388, Китай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>School of Earth Sciences</p><p>388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюн</surname><given-names>Айминь</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Xiong</surname><given-names>Aimin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Школа наук о Земле</p><p>430074, г. Ухань, ул. Лумо Роуд, 388, Китай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>School of Earth Sciences</p><p>388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Китайский геологический университет (Ухань)<country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)<country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Китайский геологический университет (Пекин)<country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">China University of Geosciences (Beijing)<country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>307</fpage><lpage>324</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лю Д., Ян В., Го Т., Жу Ц., Сюн А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лю Д., Ян В., Го Т., Жу Ц., Сюн А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liu D., Yang W., Guo T., Ru J., Xiong A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nznj.ru/jour/article/view/111">https://www.nznj.ru/jour/article/view/111</self-uri><abstract><p>Новой идеей в исследовании глобальных тектонических движений является концепция тектоники открытия-закрытия, которая утверждает, что каждое тектоническое явление, преобразование вещества и формирование геологических тел на Земле – это результат чередующихся движений открытия и закрытия. Тектонический взгляд на открытие-закрытие может быть использован для объяснения некоторых геологических явлений, развивающихся на континентах, которые не могут быть однозначно объяснены теорией тектоники плит. Основываясь на доступных геологических данных и опираясь на концепцию открытия-закрытия, авторы проанализировали стратиграфические подразделения и тектонические единицы Южного Тибета и предложили разделить эту территорию на разломные зоны гравитационного отрыва и разломные зоны тектонического отрыва, которые накладываются друг на друга. Несмотря на широко распространенное мнение о том, что Тибетское нагорье образовано орогенезом столкновения-сжатия, полевые исследования выявили существование нормального сброса храма Жунбу в 1970-х гг. Мы считаем, что нормальный сброс храма Жунбу и Главный центральный надвиг были сформированы раньше, чем разлом Южного Тибета, а первые два разлома представляют собой две границы экструзионной структуры Южного Тибета. Разлом Южного Тибета частично накладывается на Главный центральный надвиг и, имея относительно большой угол, следует за нормальным сбросом храма Жунбу к северу от Джомолунгмы. Мы предполагаем, что три системы разломов являются продуктами разных периодов и разных тектонических процессов. Тектонические единицы, такие как клипы и окна, идентифицированные предыдущими исследователями в Южном Тибете, принадлежат к системе надвигов, но обычно не имеют явных характеристик сжатия и надвигания, в то же время они характеризуются отсутствием стратификации пластов, поскольку более молодые пласты перекрывают более старые. Эти клипы и окна, скорее всего, являются результатом более позднего гравитационного наложения и должны быть охарактеризованы как удлинение и проскальзывание соответственно. Основываясь на теории открытия-закрытия, мы предполагаем, что начиная с кайнозоя исследуемая область претерпела многоэтапное развитие, которое можно разделить на последовательное расширение (раскрытие) и субдукцию (закрытие) океанической коры, а также следующие за ними этапы континентальной коллизии (закрытие) и внутриконтинентального расширения (раскрытие). Геотермальная энергия и гравитационная потенциальная энергия из недр Земли, а также дополнительная энергия напряжения от тектонических движений – все это сыграло ключевую роль в многоступенчатом тектоническом эволюционном процессе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Opening-closing tectonics is a new idea for exploring the global tectonics, which holds that every tectonic movement of all materials and geological bodies on earth is characterized by opening and closing. The opening-closing tectonic view can be used to explain some geological phenomena developing in continents which cannot be reasonably explained by the theory of plate tectonics. Based on the available basic geological data and combining with the opening-closing view, we analyzed the divisions and characteristics of tectonic units in South Tibet, and propose that Tibet can be divided into gravitational detachment and detachment fault zones, which are superimposed thrust fault zones and reconstructed normal fault zones, respectively. Although the mainstream opinion believed that the Tibetan Plateau is formed by collision-compression orogenesis, field investigation revealed the existence of the Rongbu Temple normal fault in the 1970s. We consider that the Rongbu Temple normal fault and the Main Central Thrust were formed earlier than the South Tibet detachment fault, and the former two faults constitute the two boundaries of the southern Tibet extrusion structure. The South Tibet detachment fault partially superimposes on the Main Central Thrust and manifests a relatively high angle in following the Rongbu Temple normal fault north of the Chomolangma. We suggest that the three fault systems are the products of different periods and tectonic backgrounds. The tectonic units, such as klippes and windows identified by previous researchers in southern Tibet, belong to thrust fault system but usually have no obvious extrusion or thrust characteristics; however, they are characterized by missing strata columns as younger strata overlapping the older ones. These klippes and windows should be the results of later gravitational decollement and must be characterized as extensions and slips, respectively. Based on opening-closing theory, we suggest that since the Cenozoic the study area had undergone multistage development, which can be divided into the oceanic crust expansion (opening) and subduction (closing) and the continental collision (closing) and intracontinental extension (opening) stages. Geothermal energy from the deep earth, gravitational potential energy from the earth’s interior, and additional stress energy from tectonic movements, all played a key role in the multistage tectonic evolutionary process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Южный Тибет</kwd><kwd>геологические структуры</kwd><kwd>кайнозойская тектоническая эволюция</kwd><kwd>тектоника открытия-закрытия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>South Tibet</kwd><kwd>geological structure</kwd><kwd>Cenozoic tectonic evolution</kwd><kwd>opening-closing tectonics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы благодарят профессоров Мао Сяопин и Чжан Цзэмин за вдохновляющие обсуждения и большую помощь при написании этой статьи. Авторы также благодарны рецензентам за ценные комментарии, способствовавшие улучшению качества рукописи.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>We wish to thank professors Mao Xiaoping and Zhang Zeming for inspiring discussions and much help during the writing of this article. And thanks to the reviewers for their valuable comments essential for further improving the quality of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang W.R. Some problems of opening-closing tectonics // Geological Bulletin of China. 2004. Vol. 23. Iss. 3. P. 195–199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang WR. Some problems of opening-closing tectonics. 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