nznistuНауки о Земле и недропользованиеEarth sciences and subsoil use2686-99932686-7931Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Irkutsk National Research Technical University"10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-458-470nznistu-183Research ArticleГидрогеология и инженерная геологияHydrogeology and Engineering GeologyМорфометрический анализ для выявления особенностей формирования паводковых потоков (на примере Улан-Баторской агломерации)Morphometric analysis for flood flow formation feature identification (on example of Ulaanbaatar agglomeration)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-6561КозыреваЕ. А.KozyrevaE. A.

Козырева Елена Александровна, доктор геолого-минералогических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе

г. Иркутск

Elena A. Kozyreva, Dr. Sci. (Geol. & Mineral.), Deputy Director for Research

Irkutsk

kozireva@crust.irk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2615-8423РыбченкоА. А.RybchenkoA. A.

Рыбченко Артем Александрович, кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории инженерной геологии и геоэкологии

г. Иркутск

Artem A. Rybchenko, Cand. Sci. (Geol. & Mineral.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Engineering Geology

Irkutsk

rybchenk@crust.irk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1023-0075ДэмбэрэлС.DemberelS.

Дэмбэрэл Содномсамбуу, доктор геолого-минералогических наук, академик Монгольской академии наук, директор

г. Улан-Батор

Sodnomsambuu Demberel, Dr. Sci. (Geol. & Mineral.), Academician of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Director

Ulaanbaatar

demberel@iag.ac.mnИнститут земной коры СО РАНРоссияInstitute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут астрономии и геофизики Монгольской академии наукМонголияInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of SciencesMongolia202128122021444458470Copyright © Козырева Е.А., Рыбченко А.А., Дэмбэрэл С., 20212021Козырева Е.А., Рыбченко А.А., Дэмбэрэл С.Kozyreva E.A., Rybchenko A.A., Demberel S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nznj.ru/jour/article/view/183

Водные потоки, обладающие значительным расходом воды, имеют высокую разрушительную силу и могут приводить к катастрофическим последствиям. Для освоенных предгорных внутриконтинентальных территорий флювиальные процессы, вызванные неравномерным распределением дождевых осадков по площади, носят угрожающий характер. Целью данной работы являлся количественный морфометрический анализ территории для выявления особенностей формирования паводковых потоков. С использованием бассейнового подхода был выполнен анализ водосборных бассейнов и их ранжирование. На основе SRTM-снимков, фондового картографического материала при использовании геоинформационного программного обеспечения авторами были построены специализированные электронные карты, позволяющие получить количественные параметры, отражающие морфометрию анализируемых бассейнов: геометрию бассейнов, дренажную сеть и рельеф местности. На примере территории Улан-Баторской агломерации показано, как исходные морфометрические параметры бассейнов и водотоков (длина, ширина, площадь, периметр, эрозионное расчленение, плотность дренажной сети, коэффициент рельефа, коэффициент Мелтона и др.) формируют особенности паводковых потоков. Для освоенных территорий исходные данные по морфометрии водосборных бассейнов являются основой составления специализированных карт, которые используются при планировании и строительстве. Сочетание морфометрических показателей на территории Улан-Баторской агломерации свидетельствует о том, что в отдельных водосборных бассейнах возможно формирование крупных паводков и развитие опасных грязекаменных потоков.

Water flows with significant flow rate feature a high destructive force and can lead to catastrophic consequences. Fluvial processes caused by uneven distribution of rain precipitation over the area pose risks to the developed inland foothill territories. The purpose of this study is to carry out a quantitative morphometric analysis of the territory in order to identify the formation features of flood flows. The analysis and ranking of catchment basins are performed using a basin approach. On the basis of SRTM images and the use of stock cartographic material in the GIS program the authors have built specialized electronic maps that allow to obtain quantitative parameters reflecting the morphometry of the basins under analysis including basin geometry, drainage network and terrain relief. On example of the Ulaanbaatar agglomeration territory it is shown how initial morphometric parameters of basins and watercourses (length, width, area, perimeter, erosion dissection, drainage network density, terrain relief coefficient, Melton coefficient, etc.) form the features of flood flow. For developed territories, the initial data on the catchment basin morphometry constitute the basis for compilation of specialized maps to be used in planning and construction. The combination of morphometric indicators on the territory of the Ulaanbaatar agglomeration indicates that there is possibility of large flood formation and development of dangerous mudstone flows in some catchment basins.

поверхностные водотокиморфометрия рельефаводосборные бассейныселипаводкиподтоплениеприродные геологические опасностиколичественные морфометрические показателиsurface watercoursesrelief morphometrycatchment basinsmudflowsfloodsfloodingnatural geological hazardsquantitative morphometric indicatorsисследование выполнено за счет гранта ученого совета по направлению «Научная школа Иркутского национального исследовательского технического университета совместно с Российской академией наук» № 01-РАН-21. При проведении исследования использовано оборудование центра коллективного пользования «Геодинамика и геохронология» Института земной коры СО РАН в рамках гранта № 075-15-2021-682.the research was conducted under the grant from the Academic Council in the direction “Scientific School of Irkutsk National Research University in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences” no. 01-RAS-21. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.