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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nznistu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Науки о Земле и недропользование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Earth sciences and subsoil use</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-9993</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7931</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Irkutsk National Research Technical University"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-485-495</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nznistu-185</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Геоэкология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Geoecology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы и вопросы охраны природной среды при освоении углеводородных ресурсов в Мировом океане</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Challenges and environmental issues in developing hydrocarbon resources in the World ocean</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-8003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Экзарьян</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekzaryan</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Экзарьян Владимир Нишанович, доктор геолого-минералогических наук, профессор, заслуженный эколог Российской Федерации, заведующий кафедрой экологии и природопользования</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Ekzaryan, Dr. Sci. (Geol. &amp; Mineral.), Professor, Honored Ecologist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekzaryanvn@mgri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-4354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадиев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadiev</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмадиев Артур Константинович, преподаватель кафедры экологии и природопользования</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arthur K. Akhmadiev, Lecturer of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhmadievak@mgri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный геологоразведочный университет им. Серго Орджоникидзе</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>485</fpage><lpage>495</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Экзарьян В.Н., Ахмадиев А.К., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Экзарьян В.Н., Ахмадиев А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ekzaryan V.N., Akhmadiev A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nznj.ru/jour/article/view/185">https://www.nznj.ru/jour/article/view/185</self-uri><abstract><p>Нефтегазовая отрасль развивается уже на протяжении 150 лет. Несмотря на существующие прогнозы того, что роль углеводородов во второй половине XXI века может снизиться, в настоящий момент они играют ведущую роль в мировой энергетике. В связи с этим возникает интерес к изучению существующих тенденций развития отрасли. В данной работе авторы дают обзор и проводят анализ данных за 2011–2021 гг., связанных с развитием освоения углеводородных ресурсов в морской среде. Для авторов также было важно рассмотреть, как выделенные ими тенденции отражаются или отразятся на состоянии экосистем. Проведенное исследование показало, что в настоящее время выделяются три основных направления развития добычи углеводородов в Мировом океане: освоение морской Арктики, континентального шельфа и возможность организации промышленной добычи в глубоководных районах Мирового океана. Для каждого из направлений были определены как существующие, так и возможные экологические и техногенные риски. Среди них – потеря морского биоразнообразия, активизация опасных геологических процессов, непредсказуемость океанической среды, техногенные аварии и катастрофы, сбросы буровых и других производственных отходов и т. п. В работе также указаны проблемы, которые предстоит решить нефтегазовой отрасли. К ним можно отнести поиск новых технологий для добычи в глубоководных районах, малоизученность просторов Мирового океана, необходимость новых подходов в управлении экологическими рисками, а также создание правовых основ для регулирования недропользования в новых условиях и районах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The oil and gas industry has been evolving for 150 years. Despite the predictions on the diminishing role of hydrocarbons in the second half of the 21st century, today they play a leading role in the global energy sector. In view of this there is some interest to study current development trends of the industry. This paper reviews and analyses data for the period from 2011 to 2021, which relate to the development of hydrocarbon resources in the marine and ocean environment. It was important for the authors to consider how the trends they highlighted are affecting or will affect ecosystems. The conducted research has showed that today there are three main development trends in hydrocarbon mining in the World ocean: development of the marine Arctic, continental shelf and the possibility to organize commercial production in the deep sea areas of the World ocean. For each of the directions both existing and potential ecological risks have been identified. They include loss of marine biodiversity, activation of dangerous geological processes, unpredictability of ocean environment, man-made accidents and disasters, discharges of drilling and other industrial waste, etc. The work has also identified the challenges facing the oil and gas industry. These include the search for new technologies for deep-sea production, poorly understood depth of the World ocean, need for new approaches in environmental risk management, as well as the creation of a legal framework for subsoil use regulation in new environments and areas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>углеводороды</kwd><kwd>добыча нефти</kwd><kwd>загрязнение морской среды</kwd><kwd>арктическая экосистема</kwd><kwd>Мировой океан</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>природный газ</kwd><kwd>природоохранная деятельность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrocarbons</kwd><kwd>oil production</kwd><kwd>marine pollution</kwd><kwd>Arctic ecosystem</kwd><kwd>World ocean</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>natural gas</kwd><kwd>environmental activities</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации № 075-00069-20-02 от 10 сентября 2020 г. (тема № AAAA-A20-120092590017-4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was performed within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation no. 075-00069-20-02 of September 10 th, 2020 (theme no. AAAA-A20-120092590017-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мастепанов А. М. От ковидного «сегодня» к низкоуглеродному «завтра»: анализ зарубежных прогнозов развития мировой энергетики // Георесурсы. 2021. Т. 23. № 3. C. 42–52. https://doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.3.7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mastepanov A. M. From Covid “today” to low-carbon “tomorrow”: analysis of foreign forecasts for the development of world energy. Georesursy. 2021;23(3):42-52. 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