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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nznistu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Науки о Земле и недропользование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Earth sciences and subsoil use</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-9993</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7931</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "Irkutsk National Research Technical University"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/2686-9993-2026-49-2-4</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RWHVLN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nznistu-474</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ многолетних изменений ледовой обстановки на озере Кулинда в апреле с использованием данных с космических спутников Landsat-8 и Landsat-9</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring interannual variations in ice conditions of Lake Kulinda in April based on Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 time-series imagery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4171-8608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гу</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гу Мэняо, студент, магистр инженерной геодезии, Школа геодезии и инженерии земельной информации</p><p>г. Цзяоцзо</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mengyao Gu, Student, Master of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering</p><p>Jiaozuo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gumengyao77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8770-1679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мэн</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meng</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мэн Сянюй, студент, магистр инженерной геодезии, Школа геодезии и инженерии земельной информации</p><p>г. Цзяоцзо</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Xiangyu Meng, Student, Master of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering</p><p>Jiaozuo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mengxiangyu2001@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3637-9567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуликов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhulikov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жуликов Владимир Михайлович, студент, Байкальский институт БРИКС</p><p>г. Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Zhulikov, Student, Baikal School of BRICS</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wowaahhh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-9034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рупосов</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruposov</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рупосов Виталий Леонидович, кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры маркшейдерского дела и геодезии, Институт недропользования</p><p>г. Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy L. Ruposov, Cand. Sci. (Geol. &amp; Mineral.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, Institute of Subsoil Use</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruposov@istu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Хэнаньский политехнический университет</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Henan Polytechnic University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>474</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гу M., Мэн С., Жуликов В.М., Рупосов В.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гу M., Мэн С., Жуликов В.М., Рупосов В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gu M., Meng X., Zhulikov V.M., Ruposov V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nznj.ru/jour/article/view/474">https://www.nznj.ru/jour/article/view/474</self-uri><abstract><p>Ледовая обстановка озер служит индикатором региональных климатических изменений. В данном исследовании рассматривается оз. Кулинда, расположенное в северной оконечности оз. Байкал в России. В исследовании проанализированы закономерности таяния льда на этом озере в апреле 2019, 2021, 2023 и 2025 гг. и выявлены факторы, влияющие на эволюцию ледяных озер в рассматриваемом регионе с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования спутниками Landsat-8 и Landsat-9 и инструментов геоинформационной системы анализа. Полученные результаты показывают, что в период с 2019 по 2025 г. площадь ледяного покрова оз. Кулинда уменьшилась с 9,17 до 8,86 км², что составляет суммарное сокращение на 0,31 км² при среднем годовом уменьшении 0,05 км². Скорость таяния льда сначала увеличивалась, а затем снизилась. Наибольшее годовое сокращение ледового покрова наблюдалось в период с 2021 по 2023 г. (0,08 км²), тогда как в период с 2023 по 2025 г. скорость снизилась (0,04 км²), что указывает на замедление динамики ледового покрова озера. Отступление ледяного покрова происходило вдоль прибрежных зон, особенно в юго-восточных и северо-западных частях, тогда как центральная часть оставалась покрытой льдом. Граница между ледовым покровом и открытой водой каждый год постепенно смещалась к центру озера. Изменения площади ледяного покрова связаны с потеплением климата в регионе. Фазы быстрого таяния льда в период с 2021 по 2023 г. совпали со статистическим весенним потеплением, а последующее замедление связано с нелинейным взаимодействием между естественными климатическими колебаниями и динамикой ледового покрова. Это свидетельствует об адаптационных возможностях и саморегуляции ледяного покрова озера. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы для мониторинга фенологического состояния образования и разрушения ледового покрова озер Северного Прибайкалья, что будет способствовать лучшему пониманию изменений климата в регионе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The ice conditions of lakes serve as an indicator of regional climate change. This study focuses on Lake Kulinda, located at the northern end of Lake Baikal, Russia. The study analyzes the patterns of ice melting in this lake in April 2019, 2021, 2023, and 2025, and identifies the factors influencing the evolution of ice lakes in this region using Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 remote sensing data and GIS analysis tools. The results show that between 2019 and 2025, the ice cover of Lake Kulinda decreased from 9.17 km² to 8.86 km², resulting in a total reduction of 0.31 km² with an average annual decrease of 0.05 km². The rate of ice melting initially increased and then decreased. The largest annual reduction was observed in the period 2021–2023 (0.08 km²), while in the period 2023–2025 the rate slowed down (0.04 km²), which indicates a slowdown in the dynamics of the lake’s ice cover. The retreat of the ice cover occurred along the coastal zones, especially in the southeastern and northwestern parts, while the central part remained covered with ice. The boundary between ice and open water gradually shifted towards the center of the lake every year. Changes in the area of the ice cover are associated with the warming climate of the region. The phases of rapid melting in 2021–2023 coincided with the statistical spring warming, and the subsequent slowdown is related to the nonlinear interaction between natural climate fluctuations and the dynamics of the ice cover. This indicates the adaptive capabilities and self-regulation of the lake’s ice cover. The research results can be used in monitoring the phenological state of the ice cover formation in the lakes of the Northern Baikal region, which will contribute to a better understanding of climate change in the region.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>озеро Кулинда</kwd><kwd>фенология ледяного покрова</kwd><kwd>Landsat-8</kwd><kwd>Landsat-9</kwd><kwd>нормализованный разностный индекс снежного покрова</kwd><kwd>межгодовые вариации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lake Kulinda</kwd><kwd>lake ice phenology</kwd><kwd>Landsat-8</kwd><kwd>Landsat-9</kwd><kwd>normalized difference snow index</kwd><kwd>interannual variation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frey H., Haeberli W., Linsbauer A., Huggel C., Paul F. 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