Underground runoff of the central part of the Eastern Sayan, its main formation and distribution features

The purpose of this paper is determination of underground runoff and identification of its main formation and distribution features in the central part of the Eastern Sayan. The groundwater runoff of rivers in the area under investigation having time series of river runoff observations was carried out by the method of genetic separation of runoff hydrographs considering the withdrawal of a part of the runoff to icing. The underground runoff of the unexplored rivers was determined by the method of transition coefficients for unit water flows obtained at a hydrometric survey of winter low flow. The main formation and distribution features of the underground runoff were identified in the course of the correlation analysis of underground runoff values with the main flow-forming characteristics. As a result, it is the first time when the underground runoff is estimated for a large, hard-to-reach territory. Consideration is given to its formation and spatial distribution features. The rate of the underground runoff in the studied area varies widely from 0.5 l/(s∙km²) to 25 l/(s∙km²) and has its own features. In some areas (the Kirei and Yarma river basins) the runoff rate increases with the height of the terrain. In the others, (the adjacent basin of the river Oka) the runoff rate decreases, and in some areas (the basin of the river Bolshaya Belaya) this relationship is not so distinctive. Also, the relationship between the amount of the underground runoff and the drainage area does not manifest itself, since the great roughness of the relief in the central part of the Eastern Sayan leads to the fact that the size of the drainage area is not always indicative of the depth of the erosion cutting of the channel. The formation and distribution features of the underground runoff in the studied area are specified by the landscape-climatic conditions, primarily by the distribution of precipitation and hydrogeological conditions of specific drainages determined by geological and structural features and the nature of permafrost development in different areas of the studied area.

underground runoff, drainage area, precipitation, rate of underground runoff, underground runoff distribution

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