Precise Point Positioning technology is a high-accuracy positioning method of global navigation satellite systems that can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy using one receiver and precise orbit and time information. Unlike differential positioning methods, which rely on ground reference stations, Precise Point Positioning provides greater global coverage and significantly higher operational efficiency. The advancement of four global navigation satellite systems – GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System), GALILEO (global navigation satellite system), BDS (BeiDou navigation satellite system) – resulted in significant improvements in all signal transmission structures and satellite constellation positioning notifications that expanded the capabilities achieved by the modernization of these systems. The purpose of the study is to investigate the Precise Point Positioning technology performance performance for the four specified global navigation satellite systems by comparing the time they took to converge within a user-defined accuracy, analysis of positioning accuracy, and evaluation of the satellites used to derive the positioning solution. The results of the study will expand knowledge about multi-system applications of global navigation satellite systems and serve as a basis for innovative development of high-precision navigation and positioning technologies for global navigation satellite systems in the fields of surveying, mapping, and autonomous driving.

The efficiency of mining the underground reserves of diamond kimberlite pipes in Yakutia is largely determined by the condition of man-made protective massifs. These typically consist of an ore cushion, or sometimes an ore pillar, overlain by man-made altered and redeposited soils formed as a result of intensified weathering and development of gravitational processes (talus, rock falls, landslides, etc.) within the quarry walls. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess the deformation and strength properties of man-made landslide deposits formed at the bottom of the Aikhal open-pit mine and determining the safety of underground mining operations. Laboratory studies of soils included granulometric, mineralogical-petrographic, chemical, geomechanical, and other types of analyses. Additionally, experimental studies of the deformation potential of detrital and dispersed soils were conducted. The use of an integrated approach to studying man-made sediments revealed their distinctive features, including a high degree of heterogeneity in their state and properties. The soils are composed primarily of crushed rock and gravel with sandy loam aggregate. The coarse-grained material is characterized by a wide range of weathering and strength parameters (from slightly to highly weathered and from strong to soft). The presence of soft fragments in the composition of sediments contributes to their premature destruction. Fine-grained soils are characterized by abnormally low values of deformation and strength parameters, which allowed them to be characterized as structurally unstable and prone to yielding.